 Definition  Field Listing  Rank
Order
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Background: |
Tajikistan has completed its transition from the
civil war that plagued the country from 1992 to 1997. There have
been no major security incidents in more than two years, although
the country remains the poorest in the region. Attention by the
international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has
brought increased economic development assistance, which could
create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is
in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership
and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace. Learn geography the easy way by playing ZL's Geographycards (www.geographycards.com)
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Location: |
Central
Asia, west of China |
|
Geographic coordinates: |
39 00 N, 71
00 E |
|
Map references: |
Asia
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|
Area: |
total:
143,100 sq km
land: 142,700 sq km
water: 400
sq km |
|
Area - comparative: |
slightly
smaller than Wisconsin |
|
Land boundaries: |
total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan
1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
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|
Coastline: |
0 km
(landlocked) |
|
Maritime claims: |
none
(landlocked) |
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Climate: |
midlatitude
continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir
Mountains |
|
Terrain: |
Pamir and
Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north,
Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest
point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m
highest point:
Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m |
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Natural resources: |
hydropower,
some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony,
tungsten, silver, gold |
|
Land use: |
arable
land: 6.61%
permanent crops: 0.92%
other:
92.47% (2001) |
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Irrigated land: |
7,200 sq km
(1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards: |
earthquakes
and floods |
|
Environment - current issues: |
inadequate
sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity;
industrial pollution; excessive pesticides |
|
Environment - international agreements: |
party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental
Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but
not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
|
Geography - note: |
landlocked;
mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north
and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili
Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the
former USSR Learn geography the easy way by playing ZL's Geographycards (www.geographycards.com)
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Population: |
7,011,556
(July 2004 est.) |
|
Age structure: |
0-14
years: 39.2% (male 1,384,035; female 1,361,137)
15-64
years: 56.1% (male 1,957,712; female 1,976,488)
65 years
and over: 4.7% (male 145,717; female 186,467) (2004 est.) |
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Median age: |
total: 19.5 years
male: 19.2 years
female: 19.8 years (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate: |
2.14% (2004
est.) |
|
Birth rate: |
32.63
births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
|
Death rate: |
8.42
deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
-2.86
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02
male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65
years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
|
Infant mortality rate: |
total:
112.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 124.47 deaths/1,000
live births
female: 99.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2004
est.) |
|
Life expectancy at birth: |
total
population: 64.47 years
male: 61.53 years
female: 67.55 years (2004 est.) |
|
Total fertility rate: |
4.11 children
born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
less than
0.1% (2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
less than 200
(2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
less than 100
(2001 est.) |
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Nationality: |
noun:
Tajikistani(s)
adjective: Tajikistani |
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Ethnic groups: |
Tajik 64.9%,
Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other
6.6% |
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Religions: |
Sunni Muslim
85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.) |
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Languages: |
Tajik
(official), Russian widely used in government and business |
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Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4%
male: 99.6%
female: 99.1% (2003 est.) Learn geography the easy way by playing ZL's Geographycards (www.geographycards.com)
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Country name: |
conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan
conventional short form: Tajikistan
local long
form: Jumhurii Tojikiston
local short form:
Tojikiston
former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic |
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Government type: |
republic
|
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Capital: |
Dushanbe
|
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Administrative divisions: |
2 provinces
(viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati
mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan]
(Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)
note: the administrative center name follows in
parentheses |
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Independence: |
9 September
1991 (from Soviet Union) |
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National holiday: |
Independence
Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991) |
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Constitution: |
6 November
1994 |
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Legal system: |
based on
civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts |
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Suffrage: |
18 years of
age; universal |
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Executive branch: |
chief of
state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head
of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)
head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20
January 1999)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by
the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held
NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president; Tajikistan held
a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 that, among other
things, set a term limit of two seven-year terms for the president
election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president;
percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2% |
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Legislative branch: |
bicameral
Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of
Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and
the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats;
members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8
appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for
the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23
March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)
election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent
of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Revival
Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly -
percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA |
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Judicial branch: |
Supreme
Court (judges are appointed by the president) |
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Political parties and leaders: |
Democratic
Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Revival
Party [Said Abdullo NURI, chairman]; People's Democratic Party of
Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or
SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn
NAZRIYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders: |
there are
two unregistered political parties with 1,000 or more members:
Progressive Party [Suton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatuko SAIDOV]
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International organization participation: |
AsDB, CIS,
EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
(observer) |
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Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of
mission: Ambassador Hamrohon ZARIPOV
chancery: 1725 K
Street NW, Suite 409, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: [1]
(202) 223-6090
FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of
mission: Ambassador Richard E. HOAGLAND
embassy: 10
Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in
Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still
handled in Almaty at: 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan,
telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58-79-68
mailing
address: use embassy street address
telephone: [992]
(372) 21-03-48 (Dushanbe)
FAX: [992] (372) 21-03-62
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Flag description: |
three
horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green;
a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located
in the center of the white stripe Learn geography the easy way by playing ZL's Geographycards (www.geographycards.com)
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Economy - overview: |
Tajikistan
has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics.
Only 5% to 6% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most
important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount,
include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only
of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete
factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil
war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic
infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and
agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to
live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic
growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large
state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity.
Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to
uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance,
widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt
restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002,
including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US
$49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan. |
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GDP: |
purchasing
power parity - $6.812 billion (2003 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate: |
7% (2003
est.) |
|
GDP - per capita: |
purchasing
power parity - $1,000 (2003 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 30.8%
industry: 29.1%
services: 40.1% (2003 est.) |
|
Investment (gross fixed): |
7.5% of GDP
(2003) |
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Population below poverty line: |
60% (2003
est.) |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest
10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1998) |
|
Distribution of family income - Gini
index: |
34.7 (1998)
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
16.3% (2003
est.) |
|
Labor force: |
3.187 million
(2000) |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture
67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.) |
|
Unemployment rate: |
40% (2002
est.) |
|
Budget: |
revenues: $253.5 million
expenditures: $238.5
million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2003 est.)
|
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Agriculture - products: |
cotton,
grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats |
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Industries: |
aluminum,
zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil,
metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
10.3% (2000
est.) |
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Electricity - production: |
14.18 billion
kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption: |
14.52 billion
kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - exports: |
3.909
billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports: |
5.242
billion kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production: |
250 bbl/day
(2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
20,000
bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - exports: |
NA (2001)
|
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Oil - imports: |
NA (2001)
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Natural gas - production: |
50 million cu
m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - consumption: |
1.3 billion
cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - exports: |
0 cu m (2001
est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports: |
1.25 billion
cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Current account balance: |
$-50 million
(2003) |
|
Exports: |
$750 million
f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities: |
aluminum,
electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles |
|
Exports - partners: |
Netherlands
25.4%, Turkey 24.4%, Latvia 9.9%, Switzerland 9.7%, Uzbekistan 8.5%,
Russia 6.6%, Iran 6.4% (2003 est.) |
|
Imports: |
$890 million
f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities: |
electricity,
petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment,
foodstuffs |
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Imports - partners: |
Russia
20.2%, Uzbekistan 15.1%, Kazakhstan 10.9%, Azerbaijan 7%, Ukraine
7%, Romania 4.4% (2003 est.) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: |
$117.6
million (2003) |
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Debt - external: |
$1 billion
(2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
$60.7
million from US (2001) |
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Currency: |
somoni
|
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Currency code: |
TJS |
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Exchange rates: |
Tajikistani
somoni per US dollar - 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002), 2.3722 (2001),
2.0763 (2000), 1.2378 (1999)
note: the new unit of
exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to
1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles |
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Fiscal year: |
calendar
year Learn geography the easy way by playing ZL's Geographycards (www.geographycards.com)
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Railways: |
total:
482 km
broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2003) |
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Highways: |
total:
27,767 km
paved: NA
unpaved: NA (2000) |
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Pipelines: |
gas 540 km;
oil 38 km (2003) |
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Ports and harbors: |
none |
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Airports: |
66 (2003
est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to
3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523
m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 51
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to
1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 40 (2003 est.)
Learn geography the easy way by playing ZL's Geographycards (www.geographycards.com)
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